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          LV06-11-设备树插件-02-设备树插件的使用
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              <table>    <tr>        <td align="center" rowspan="5">PC端开发环境</td>        <td align="center" width=150px>Windows</td>        <td align="left">Windows11</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">Ubuntu</td>        <td align="left">Ubuntu20.04.2的64位版本</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">VMware® Workstation 17 Pro</td>        <td align="left">17.6.0 build-24238078</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">终端软件</td>        <td align="left">MobaXterm(Professional Edition v23.0 Build 5042 (license))</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">Win32DiskImager</td>        <td align="left">Win32DiskImager v1.0</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center" rowspan="3">Linux开发板环境</td>        <td align="center">Linux开发板</td>        <td align="left">正点原子 i.MX6ULL Linux 阿尔法开发板</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">uboot</td>        <td align="left">NXP官方提供的uboot，使用的uboot版本为U-Boot 2019.04</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">linux内核</td>        <td align="left">linux-4.19.71(NXP官方提供)</td>      </tr></table>
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<details class="folding-tag" blue><summary> 点击查看本文参考资料 </summary>
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              <table>    <tr>        <td align="center">分类</td>        <td align="center">网址</td>        <td align="center">说明</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center" rowspan="5">官方网站</td>        <td align="left"><a href="https://www.arm.com/" target="_blank">https://www.arm.com/</a></td>        <td align="left">ARM官方网站，在这里我们可以找到Cotex-Mx以及ARMVx的一些文档</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"><a href="https://www.nxp.com.cn/" target="_blank">https://www.nxp.com.cn/ </a></td>        <td align="left">NXP官方网站</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"><a href="https://www.nxpic.org.cn/" target="_blank">https://www.nxpic.org.cn/</a></td><td align="left">NXP 官方社区</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"><a href="https://u-boot.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_blank">https://u-boot.readthedocs.io/en/latest/</a></td><td align="left">u-boot官网</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"><a href="https://www.kernel.org/" target="_blank">https://www.kernel.org/</a></td><td align="left">linux内核官网</td>    </tr></table>
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              <table>    <tr>        <td align="center">分类</td>        <td align="center">网址</td>        <td align="center">说明</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center" rowspan="3">NXP</td>        <td align="left"><a href="https://github.com/nxp-imx" target="_blank">https://github.com/nxp-imx</a></td>        <td align="left">NXP imx开发资源GitHub组织，里边会有u-boot和linux内核的仓库</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"><a href="https://github.com/nxp-imx/linux-imx/releases/tag/v4.19.71" target="_blank">nxp-imx/linux-imx/releases/tag/v4.19.71</a></td>        <td align="left">NXP linux内核仓库tags中的v4.19.71</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"><a href="https://github.com/nxp-imx/uboot-imx/releases/tag/rel_imx_4.19.35_1.1.0" target="_blank">nxp-imx/uboot-imx/releases/tag/rel_imx_4.19.35_1.1.0</a></td>        <td align="left">NXP u-boot仓库tags中的rel_imx_4.19.35_1.1.0</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center" rowspan="2">I.MX6ULL</td>        <td align="left"><a href="https://www.nxp.com.cn/docs/en/data-sheet/IMX6ULLIEC.pdf" target="_blank">i.MX 6ULL Applications Processors for Industrial Products</a></td>        <td align="left">I.MX6ULL 芯片手册（datasheet，可以在线查看）</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"><a href="https://www.nxp.com.cn/webapp/Download?colCode=IMX6ULLRM&lang_cd=zh" target="_blank">i.MX 6ULL Applications ProcessorReference Manual</a></td>        <td align="left">I.MX6ULL 参考手册（下载后才能查看，需要登录NXP官网）</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center" rowspan="3">Source Code</td>        <td align="left"><a href="https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/latest/source" target="_blank">https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/latest/source</a></td>        <td align="left">linux kernel源码</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"><a href="https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git/tree/?h=v4.19.71&id=e7d2672c66e4d3675570369bf20856296da312c4" target="_blank">kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree</a></td>        <td align="left">linux kernel源码(官网,tag 4.19.71)</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"><a href="https://elixir.bootlin.com/u-boot/latest/source" target="_blank">https://elixir.bootlin.com/u-boot/latest/source</a></td>        <td align="left">uboot源码</td>    </tr></table>
              </div>
            </details>

<h1 id="一、移植设备树插件"><a href="#一、移植设备树插件" class="headerlink" title="一、移植设备树插件"></a><font size=3>一、移植设备树插件</font></h1><h2 id="1-挂载-configfs-虚拟文件系统"><a href="#1-挂载-configfs-虚拟文件系统" class="headerlink" title="1. 挂载 configfs 虚拟文件系统"></a><font size=3>1. 挂载 configfs 虚拟文件系统</font></h2><h3 id="1-1-内核配置"><a href="#1-1-内核配置" class="headerlink" title="1.1 内核配置"></a><font size=3>1.1 内核配置</font></h3><p>configfs 虚拟文件系统是什么？这个我们后面会学习，现在主要是学习设备树插件的使用。首先我们打开 Linux 内核源码， 输入以下命令打开 menuconfig 配置界面。 </p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- distclean</span><br><span class="line">make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- imx_v6_v7_defconfig</span><br><span class="line">make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- menuconfig</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV06-%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV06-11-%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87%E6%A0%91%E6%8F%92%E4%BB%B6-02-%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87%E6%A0%91%E6%8F%92%E4%BB%B6%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8/img/image-20250304151105119.png"  />

<p>界面打开之后，按以下菜单找到对应的配置</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">File systems  ---&gt;</span><br><span class="line">        Pseudo filesystems  ---&gt;</span><br><span class="line">           &#123;M&#125; Userspace-driven configuration filesystem</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV06-%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV06-11-%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87%E6%A0%91%E6%8F%92%E4%BB%B6-02-%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87%E6%A0%91%E6%8F%92%E4%BB%B6%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8/img/image-20250304151141618.png"  />

<p>将这一项从 <code>M</code> 改为<code>*</code>。修改完进行保存。</p>
<h3 id="1-2-编译验证"><a href="#1-2-编译验证" class="headerlink" title="1.2 编译验证"></a><font size=3>1.2 编译验证</font></h3><p>将编译之后的内核镜像烧写到开发板上， 接着可以使用 mount 命令检查 configfs 虚拟文件系统是否挂载成功：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">mount</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV06-%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV06-11-%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87%E6%A0%91%E6%8F%92%E4%BB%B6-02-%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87%E6%A0%91%E6%8F%92%E4%BB%B6%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8/img/image-20250304194052713.png" alt="image-20250304194052713"  />

<p>没有configfs相关的内容就说明没有自动挂载上，我们可以用mount命令手动挂载：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">mount -t configfs none /sys/kernel/config</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>挂载成功如下图：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV06-%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV06-11-%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87%E6%A0%91%E6%8F%92%E4%BB%B6-02-%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87%E6%A0%91%E6%8F%92%E4%BB%B6%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8/img/image-20250304194212262.png" alt="image-20250304194212262"  />



<h2 id="2-配置内核支持设备树插件"><a href="#2-配置内核支持设备树插件" class="headerlink" title="2. 配置内核支持设备树插件"></a><font size=3>2. 配置内核支持设备树插件</font></h2><p>我们打开 Linux 内核源码， 还是输入以下命令打开 menuconfig 配置界面。 </p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- distclean</span><br><span class="line">make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- imx_v6_v7_defconfig</span><br><span class="line">make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- menuconfig</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="2-1-Device-Tree-overlay"><a href="#2-1-Device-Tree-overlay" class="headerlink" title="2.1 Device Tree overlay"></a><font size=3>2.1 Device Tree overlay</font></h3><p>界面打开之后，按以下菜单找到对应的配置项</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Device Drivers  ---&gt;</span><br><span class="line">     -*- Device Tree and Open Firmware support  ---&gt;</span><br><span class="line">         [*]   Device Tree overlays</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV06-%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV06-11-%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87%E6%A0%91%E6%8F%92%E4%BB%B6-02-%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87%E6%A0%91%E6%8F%92%E4%BB%B6%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8/img/image-20250304151451906.png"  />

<h3 id="2-2-Overlay-filesystem-support"><a href="#2-2-Overlay-filesystem-support" class="headerlink" title="2.2 Overlay filesystem support"></a><font size=3>2.2 Overlay filesystem support</font></h3><p>按以下菜单找到对应的配置项</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">File systems  ---&gt;</span><br><span class="line">    &lt;*&gt; Overlay filesystem support</span><br><span class="line">    -*-   Overlayfs: turn on redirect directory feature by default</span><br><span class="line">    [*]   Overlayfs: follow redirects even if redirects are turned off (NEW)</span><br><span class="line">    [*]   Overlayfs: turn on inodes index feature by default </span><br><span class="line">    [*]   Overlayfs: auto enable inode number mapping</span><br><span class="line">    [*]   Overlayfs: turn on metadata only copy up feature by default</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV06-%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV06-11-%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87%E6%A0%91%E6%8F%92%E4%BB%B6-02-%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87%E6%A0%91%E6%8F%92%E4%BB%B6%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8/img/image-20250304152026848.png"  />

<h2 id="3-移植驱动"><a href="#3-移植驱动" class="headerlink" title="3. 移植驱动"></a><font size=3>3. 移植驱动</font></h2><p>如果已经学完了 configfs 虚拟文件系统的数据结构。其实完全可以自己编写驱动实现一个设备树插件。 但是我们没有必要重复造轮子， github 上有大神编写好的设备树插件驱动，例如  <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/ikwzm/dtbocfg">GitHub - ikwzm&#x2F;dtbocfg: Device Tree Blob Overlay Configuration File System</a>：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV06-%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV06-11-%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87%E6%A0%91%E6%8F%92%E4%BB%B6-02-%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87%E6%A0%91%E6%8F%92%E4%BB%B6%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8/img/image-20250304190241625.png" alt="image-20250304190241625"  />

<p>这就是一个驱动模块的源码，我们修改Makefile配置好源码的路径和编译工具，直接编译就可以了，编译完毕会得到一个ko文件，这个后面会用到。</p>
<h2 id="4-总结"><a href="#4-总结" class="headerlink" title="4. 总结"></a><font size=3>4. 总结</font></h2><p>移植设备树插件主要包括以下几个步骤 ：</p>
<p>（1）配置内核支持挂载 configfs 虚拟文件系统。</p>
<p>（2）配置内核支持设备树插件。</p>
<p>（3）移植设备树插件驱动。</p>
<p>其中（1）和（2）完成后要注意重新编译内核，再把开发板中的内核更新一下。</p>
<h1 id="二、设备树插件实例"><a href="#二、设备树插件实例" class="headerlink" title="二、设备树插件实例"></a><font size=3>二、设备树插件实例</font></h1><h2 id="1-设备树插件中添加节点"><a href="#1-设备树插件中添加节点" class="headerlink" title="1. 设备树插件中添加节点"></a><font size=3>1. 设备树插件中添加节点</font></h2><h3 id="1-1-设备树插件"><a href="#1-1-设备树插件" class="headerlink" title="1.1 设备树插件"></a><font size=3>1.1 设备树插件</font></h3><h4 id="1-1-1-设备树源码"><a href="#1-1-1-设备树源码" class="headerlink" title="1.1.1 设备树源码"></a><font size=3>1.1.1 设备树源码</font></h4><p>我们用 imx6ull-alpha-emmc.dts 中led灯的这个设备节点：</p>
<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">/dts-v1/;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span> <span class="string">&quot;imx6ull.dtsi&quot;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span> <span class="string">&quot;imx6ull-alpha-emmc.dtsi&quot;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">/ &#123;</span><br><span class="line">	model = <span class="string">&quot;Freescale i.MX6 UlltraLite ALPHA EMMC Board&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line">	compatible = <span class="string">&quot;fsl,imx6ull-alpha-emmc&quot;</span>, <span class="string">&quot;fsl,imx6ull&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//把这个节点删掉，移到设备树插件中</span></span><br><span class="line">    sdev_led &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="meta">#address-cells = <span class="string">&lt;1&gt;</span>;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="meta">#size-cells = <span class="string">&lt;1&gt;</span>;</span></span><br><span class="line">        compatible = <span class="string">&quot;sdev_led&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        status = <span class="string">&quot;okay&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        reg = &lt; <span class="number">0X020C406C</span> <span class="number">0X04</span> <span class="comment">/* CCM_CCGR1_BASE */</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="number">0X020E0068</span> <span class="number">0X04</span> <span class="comment">/* SW_MUX_GPIO1_IO03_BASE */</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="number">0X020E02F4</span> <span class="number">0X04</span> <span class="comment">/* SW_PAD_GPIO1_IO03_BASE */</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="number">0X0209C000</span> <span class="number">0X04</span> <span class="comment">/* GPIO1_DR_BASE */</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="number">0X0209C004</span> <span class="number">0X04</span> &gt;; <span class="comment">/* GPIO1_GDIR_BASE */</span></span><br><span class="line">	&#125;;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&amp;clks &#123;</span><br><span class="line">	assigned-clocks = &lt;&amp;clks IMX6UL_CLK_PLL3_PFD2&gt;;</span><br><span class="line">	assigned-clock-rates = &lt;<span class="number">320000000</span>&gt;;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>我们写一个设备树插件 imx6ull-alpha-emmc-overlay.dts 如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">/dts-v1/;</span><br><span class="line">/plugin/;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&amp;&#123;/&#125; &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    overlay_node&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        sdev_led &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="meta">#address-cells = <span class="string">&lt;1&gt;</span>;</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="meta">#size-cells = <span class="string">&lt;1&gt;</span>;</span></span><br><span class="line">            compatible = <span class="string">&quot;sdev_led&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line">            status = <span class="string">&quot;okay&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line">            reg = &lt; <span class="number">0X020C406C</span> <span class="number">0X04</span> <span class="comment">/* CCM_CCGR1_BASE */</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="number">0X020E0068</span> <span class="number">0X04</span> <span class="comment">/* SW_MUX_GPIO1_IO03_BASE */</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="number">0X020E02F4</span> <span class="number">0X04</span> <span class="comment">/* SW_PAD_GPIO1_IO03_BASE */</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="number">0X0209C000</span> <span class="number">0X04</span> <span class="comment">/* GPIO1_DR_BASE */</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="number">0X0209C004</span> <span class="number">0X04</span> &gt;; <span class="comment">/* GPIO1_GDIR_BASE */</span></span><br><span class="line">        &#125;;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>我们把主设备树中的 sdev_led 节点移动到设备树插件中去。需要注意的是，这样在设备树插件中添加节点的操作似乎并不会自动取生成platform_device，所以如果用的平台设备驱动的话可能会有问题。</p>
<h4 id="1-1-2-编译设备树插件"><a href="#1-1-2-编译设备树插件" class="headerlink" title="1.1.2 编译设备树插件"></a><font size=3>1.1.2 编译设备树插件</font></h4><p>我们使用以下命令进行编译设备树插件：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">./dtc -I dts -O dtb imx6ull-alpha-emmc-overlay.dts -o imx6ull-alpha-emmc-overlay.dtbo</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>设备树的编译可以看demo中的makefile，它包含了一些其他的设备树和头文件，所以编译会复杂一点。</p>
<h3 id="1-2-更新内核和设备树"><a href="#1-2-更新内核和设备树" class="headerlink" title="1.2 更新内核和设备树"></a><font size=3>1.2 更新内核和设备树</font></h3><p>我们按照前面的更新内核和设备树，然后重启设备。然后将imx6ull-alpha-emmc-overlay.dtbo和dtbocfg.ko 放到开发板中。</p>
<h3 id="1-3-环境准备"><a href="#1-3-环境准备" class="headerlink" title="1.3 环境准备"></a><font size=3>1.3 环境准备</font></h3><h4 id="1-3-1-configfs文件系统挂载"><a href="#1-3-1-configfs文件系统挂载" class="headerlink" title="1.3.1 configfs文件系统挂载"></a><font size=3>1.3.1 configfs文件系统挂载</font></h4><p>在内核根文件系统中，有一个文件 &#x2F;proc&#x2F;filesystems ,它表示当前内核支持的文件系统，通常是编入内核的文件系统类型，但也可以通过模块加入新的类型。可以通过命令 cat &#x2F;proc&#x2F;filesystems 检查 configfs 是否支持。 支持的话就会有如下信息 ：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV06-%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV06-11-%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87%E6%A0%91%E6%8F%92%E4%BB%B6-02-%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87%E6%A0%91%E6%8F%92%E4%BB%B6%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8/img/image-20250304194430956.png" alt="image-20250304194430956" style="zoom: 80%;" />

<p>不支持的话可以看前面的笔记对内核进行配置。支持之后，我们可以用mount命令看一下有没有挂载上，若是没挂载的话，后面加载驱动是不会生成对应的目录的。可以使用以下命令挂载：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">mount -t configfs none /sys/kernel/config</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h4 id="1-3-2-加载dtbocfg-ko"><a href="#1-3-2-加载dtbocfg-ko" class="headerlink" title="1.3.2 加载dtbocfg.ko"></a><font size=3>1.3.2 加载dtbocfg.ko</font></h4><p>我们通过以下命令加载：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">insmod dtbocfg.ko</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>会有如下打印信息：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV06-%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV06-11-%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87%E6%A0%91%E6%8F%92%E4%BB%B6-02-%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87%E6%A0%91%E6%8F%92%E4%BB%B6%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8/img/image-20250316110056630.png" alt="image-20250316110056630" />

<p>加载成功应该会生成 &#x2F;sys&#x2F;kernel&#x2F;config&#x2F;device-tree&#x2F;overlays 目录：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV06-%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV06-11-%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87%E6%A0%91%E6%8F%92%E4%BB%B6-02-%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87%E6%A0%91%E6%8F%92%E4%BB%B6%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8/img/image-20250316110142985.png" alt="image-20250316110142985" />

<p>要是没有的话，就注意用mount看一下是不是成功挂载了configfs。</p>
<h3 id="1-4-设备树插件测试"><a href="#1-4-设备树插件测试" class="headerlink" title="1.4 设备树插件测试"></a><font size=3>1.4 设备树插件测试</font></h3><ul>
<li>（1）查看未添加设备树插件的时候的设备树情况</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ls /proc/device-tree/</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV06-%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV06-11-%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87%E6%A0%91%E6%8F%92%E4%BB%B6-02-%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87%E6%A0%91%E6%8F%92%E4%BB%B6%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8/img/image-20250316110402857.png" alt="image-20250316110402857" />

<ul>
<li>（2）我们进入 &#x2F;sys&#x2F;kernel&#x2F;config&#x2F;device-tree&#x2F;overlays 目录</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cd /sys/kernel/config/device-tree/overlays</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li>（3）新建一个dtbo_demo目录</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">mkdir dtbo_demo</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV06-%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV06-11-%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87%E6%A0%91%E6%8F%92%E4%BB%B6-02-%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87%E6%A0%91%E6%8F%92%E4%BB%B6%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8/img/image-20250316110241369.png" alt="image-20250316110241369"></p>
<p>然后进入这个目录就会发现这个目录下自动生成了两个文件：dtbo和status。</p>
<ul>
<li>（4）将设备树插件的内容写入到dtbo中</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cd /sys/kernel/config/device-tree/overlays/dtbo_demo</span><br><span class="line">cat /drivers_demo/imx6ull-alpha-emmc-overlay.dtbo &gt; dtbo</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li>（5）使能 dtbo</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cd /sys/kernel/config/device-tree/overlays/dtbo_demo</span><br><span class="line">echo 1 &gt; status</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li>（6）查看设备树插件加载的节点</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ls /proc/device-tree/overlay_node/</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV06-%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV06-11-%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87%E6%A0%91%E6%8F%92%E4%BB%B6-02-%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87%E6%A0%91%E6%8F%92%E4%BB%B6%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8/img/image-20250316110717161.png" alt="image-20250316110717161" />

<ul>
<li>（7）删除使用 dtbo 修改的节点</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cd /sys/kernel/config/device-tree/overlays</span><br><span class="line">rmdir dtbo_demo</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">或者</span></span><br><span class="line">cd /sys/kernel/config/device-tree/overlays/dtbo_demo</span><br><span class="line">echo 0 &gt; status</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>然后我们再查看一下 &#x2F;proc&#x2F;device-tree，就会发现没有 overlay_node 节点了：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV06-%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV06-11-%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87%E6%A0%91%E6%8F%92%E4%BB%B6-02-%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87%E6%A0%91%E6%8F%92%E4%BB%B6%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8/img/image-20250316110936568.png" alt="image-20250316110936568" />

<h2 id="2-修改后设备树节点属性"><a href="#2-修改后设备树节点属性" class="headerlink" title="2. 修改后设备树节点属性"></a><font size=3>2. 修改后设备树节点属性</font></h2><h3 id="2-1-设备树插件"><a href="#2-1-设备树插件" class="headerlink" title="2.1 设备树插件"></a><font size=3>2.1 设备树插件</font></h3><p>我们用 imx6ull-alpha-emmc.dts 中led灯的这个设备节点：</p>
<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">/dts-v1/;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span> <span class="string">&quot;imx6ull.dtsi&quot;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span> <span class="string">&quot;imx6ull-alpha-emmc.dtsi&quot;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">/ &#123;</span><br><span class="line">	model = <span class="string">&quot;Freescale i.MX6 UlltraLite ALPHA EMMC Board&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line">	compatible = <span class="string">&quot;fsl,imx6ull-alpha-emmc&quot;</span>, <span class="string">&quot;fsl,imx6ull&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    sdev_led &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="meta">#address-cells = <span class="string">&lt;1&gt;</span>;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="meta">#size-cells = <span class="string">&lt;1&gt;</span>;</span></span><br><span class="line">        compatible = <span class="string">&quot;sdev_led&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">//status = &quot;disable&quot;;</span></span><br><span class="line">        reg = &lt; <span class="number">0X020C406C</span> <span class="number">0X04</span> <span class="comment">/* CCM_CCGR1_BASE */</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="number">0X020E0068</span> <span class="number">0X04</span> <span class="comment">/* SW_MUX_GPIO1_IO03_BASE */</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="number">0X020E02F4</span> <span class="number">0X04</span> <span class="comment">/* SW_PAD_GPIO1_IO03_BASE */</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="number">0X0209C000</span> <span class="number">0X04</span> <span class="comment">/* GPIO1_DR_BASE */</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="number">0X0209C004</span> <span class="number">0X04</span> &gt;; <span class="comment">/* GPIO1_GDIR_BASE */</span></span><br><span class="line">	&#125;;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&amp;clks &#123;</span><br><span class="line">	assigned-clocks = &lt;&amp;clks IMX6UL_CLK_PLL3_PFD2&gt;;</span><br><span class="line">	assigned-clock-rates = &lt;<span class="number">320000000</span>&gt;;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>我们写一个设备树插件 imx6ull-alpha-emmc-overlay.dts 如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">/dts-v1/;</span><br><span class="line">/plugin/;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//修改设备树节点属性的demo</span></span><br><span class="line">/&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    fragment@<span class="number">0</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        target-path = <span class="string">&quot;/alpha/sdev_led&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        __overlay__ &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            overlay_node&#123;</span><br><span class="line">            	status = <span class="string">&quot;okay&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>我们把主设备树中的 sdev_led 节点移动到设备树插件中去。需要注意的是，这样在设备树插件中添加节点的操作似乎并不会自动取生成platform_device，所以如果用的平台设备驱动的话可能会有问题。</p>
<h3 id="2-2-开发板测试"><a href="#2-2-开发板测试" class="headerlink" title="2.2 开发板测试"></a><font size=3>2.2 开发板测试</font></h3><ul>
<li>（1）加载设备树插件之前节点的情况</li>
</ul>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV06-%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV06-11-%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87%E6%A0%91%E6%8F%92%E4%BB%B6-02-%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87%E6%A0%91%E6%8F%92%E4%BB%B6%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8/img/image-20250316114743941.png" alt="image-20250316114743941" />

<ul>
<li>（2）加载设备树插件之前加载驱动</li>
</ul>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV06-%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV06-11-%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87%E6%A0%91%E6%8F%92%E4%BB%B6-02-%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87%E6%A0%91%E6%8F%92%E4%BB%B6%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8/img/image-20250316114835680.png" alt="image-20250316114835680" />

<p>看到会报一个状态读取失败，然后我们运行测试demo，发现可以正常操作，这个应该是因为我内部判断了，但是没有返回错误的原因，不过这里不影响测试。测完卸载驱动。</p>
<ul>
<li>（3）加载设备树插件</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">挂载configfs文件系统</span></span><br><span class="line">mount -t configfs none /sys/kernel/config</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">加载设备树插件驱动</span></span><br><span class="line">insmod dtbocfg.ko</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">创建目录</span></span><br><span class="line">cd /sys/kernel/config/device-tree/overlays</span><br><span class="line">mkdir dtbo_demo</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">将设备树插件的内容写入到dtbo中</span></span><br><span class="line">cd /sys/kernel/config/device-tree/overlays/dtbo_demo</span><br><span class="line">cat /drivers_demo/imx6ull-alpha-emmc-overlay.dtbo &gt; dtbo</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">使能 dtbo</span>  </span><br><span class="line">cd /sys/kernel/config/device-tree/overlays/dtbo_demo</span><br><span class="line">echo 1 &gt; status</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV06-%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV06-11-%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87%E6%A0%91%E6%8F%92%E4%BB%B6-02-%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87%E6%A0%91%E6%8F%92%E4%BB%B6%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8/img/image-20250316115228837.png" alt="image-20250316115228837" />

<p>可以看到这里生成了一个 overlay_node 目录，里面包含了name和status属性。</p>
<ul>
<li>重新加载设备的驱动</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">insmod sdriver_demo.ko</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV06-%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV06-11-%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87%E6%A0%91%E6%8F%92%E4%BB%B6-02-%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87%E6%A0%91%E6%8F%92%E4%BB%B6%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8/img/image-20250316115355677.png" alt="image-20250316115355677" />

<p>发现还是报错的，这是因为status属性并不是在<code>/alpha/sdev_led/status</code>，而是<code>alpha/sdev_led/overlay_node/status</code>所以获取的时候出现了问题，这个大概了解就可以了，后续使用设备树插件的话需要注意这个事情。</p>

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